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Preface |
3 | ||
| Table of Contents | 5 | ||
| References and Abbreviations | 11 | ||
| Reprint Guidelines | 13 | ||
| Notes to Teachers, Small Group Leaders, and Online Students | 14 | ||
| Introduction to Isaiah | 17 | ||
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| The Historical Context of Isaiah's Time | 17 |
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| Historical Context | 17 |
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| Uzziah / Azariah (reigned 783-742 BC; 2 Kings 15; 2 Chronicles 26) | 18 |
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| Jotham (co-regent 750, reigned 742-735 BC; 2 Kings 15; 2 Chronicles 27) | 19 |
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| Ahaz (co-regent 735, reigned 732-716 BC; 2 Kings 16-17; 2 Chronicles 28) | 19 |
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| Hezekiah (reigned 715-687 BC; 2 Kings 18-20; 2 Chronicles 29-32) | 21 |
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| Kings of Judah during Isaiah's Ministry | 22 |
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| Old Testament Prophets | 22 |
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| Interpretation of Prophecy | 24 |
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| The Authorship of Isaiah | 24 |
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| Characteristics of Hebrew Poetry | 26 |
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| Isaiah's High Literary Style | 29 |
| 1. Early Messages (Isaiah 1-6) | 31 | ||
| Part 1A (Isaiah 1-5) | 31 | |
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| Introduction to Isaiah's Visions (1:1) | 31 |
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| A Call to Repentance (1:18-20) | 33 |
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| Future of Jerusalem (2:1-5) | 34 |
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| Judgment on Judah (2:5-4:1) | 36 |
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| The Branch (4:2) | 37 |
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| The Song of the Unfruitful Vineyard (5:1-6) | 39 |
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| Woes and Judgments (5:8-30) | 41 |
| Part 1B (Isaiah 6) | 41 | |
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| A Vision of the Lord, High and Lifted Up (6:1-4) | 41 |
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| The Call of Isaiah (6:5-8) | 44 |
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| The Dilemma of Declaring God's Word (6:9-10) | 47 |
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| The Judgment and the Hope (6:11-13) | 48 |
| 2. The Book of Immanuel (Isaiah 7-12) | 51 | ||
| Part 2A (Isaiah 7-10) | 51 | |
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| Combined Attack by an Alliance of Israel and Syria (7:1-9; 2 Kings 16) | 51 |
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| The Sign of Immanuel (7:10-16) | 52 |
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| Children with Meaningful Names | 53 |
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| Judgment on Ahaz for His Unbelief (7:17-25) | 55 |
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| Isaiah's Son Maher-Shalal-Hash-Baz (8:1-4) | 55 |
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| Assyria Will Overflow the Land (8:5-8) | 55 |
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| Immanuel's Land (8:8-10) | 56 |
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| Allegiance to Yahweh Alone (8:12-22) | 56 |
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| A Great Light in Galilee (9:1-7) | 57 |
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| The Messiah Is Born (9:6-7) | 58 |
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| The Lord's Judgment upon Israel (9:8-10:4) | 61 |
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| Judgment upon Assyria, the Rod of God's Anger (10:5-19) | 62 |
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| A Remnant Will Return (10:20-23) | 62 |
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| Judah Is Not to Fear (10:24-34) | 62 |
| Part 2B (Isaiah 11-12) | 63 | |
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| A Shoot from the Stump of Jesse (11:1-5) | 63 |
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| The Spirit of the Lord upon the Messiah (11:2-3a) | 63 |
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| The Justice of the Messiah (11:3b-5) | 65 |
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| The Peace of the Messiah (11:6-9) | 66 |
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| The Messiah Will Gather the Remnant (11:10-16) | 68 |
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| Joy in the Day of the Lord (12:1-6) | 70 |
| 3. Judgment upon the Nations (Isaiah 13-23) | 73 | ||
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| Prophecy against Babylon (13:1-14:23) | 73 |
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| Does the Morning Star or Lucifer Represent Satan? (14:4-21) | 75 |
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| Prophecy against Assyria (14:24-27) | 77 |
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| Prophecy against the Philistines (14:28-32) | 77 |
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| Prophecy against Moab (15-16) | 78 |
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| Prophecy against Syria and Israel (17) | 78 |
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| Prophecy against Ethiopia (18) | 79 |
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| Prophecy about Egypt (19) | 79 |
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| Acted Prophecy against Egypt and Ethiopia (20) | 80 |
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| Prophecy against Babylon (21:1-10) | 81 |
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| Prophecy against Edom (21:11-12) | 82 |
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| Prophecy against Arabia (21:13-17) | 83 |
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| Prophecy about Jerusalem (22) | 83 |
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| Prophecy about Tyre (23) | 85 |
| 4. God's Final Victory: Isaiah's Apocalypse (Is 24-27) | 88 | ||
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| Devastation of the Earth (24) | 88 |
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| A Song of Praise (25) | 91 |
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| Another Song of Praise (26) | 93 |
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| Perfect Peace (26:3-4) | 94 |
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| Yahweh Humbles the City of Man (26:6-7) | 95 |
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| A Promise of Resurrection in the Last Days (26:19-21) | 95 |
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| Deliverance of Israel (27) | 97 |
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| The Slaying of Leviathan (27:1) | 98 |
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| The Song of the Fruitful Vineyard (27:2-11) | 98 |
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| The Day of the Trumpet Sound and God's Gathering (27:12-13) | 99 |
| 5. God's Help vs. Man's – the Assyrian Crisis (Is 28-35) | 102 | ||
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| Woe to Israel (28:1-13) | 102 |
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| In Jerusalem, A Precious Cornerstone (28:14-22) | 103 |
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| Woe to David's City (29) | 105 |
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| The Promise (29:17-24) | 107 |
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| Woe to the Obstinate Nation (30) | 108 |
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| Woe to Those Who Rely on Egypt (31) | 109 |
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| The Kingdom of Righteousness (32:1-8) | 110 |
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| The Women of Jerusalem (32:9-20) | 110 |
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| Distress and Help (33) | 110 |
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| Judgment against the Nations (34) | 112 |
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| Joy to the Redeemed (35) | 112 |
| 6. Hezekiah's Reign (Isaiah 36-39; 2 Kings 18) | 117 | ||
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| Hezekiah's Reforms (2 Kings 18:1-16) | 117 |
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| Hezekiah's Policy toward Growing Assyrian Power (2 Kings 18:8-16) | 118 |
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| The Rabshakeh's Threat (Isaiah 36) | 121 |
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| Sennacherib's Letter (37:14-20) | 121 |
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| Hezekiah's Vision of Yahweh (37:16) | 124 |
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| A Prayer for Deliverance (37:16-20) | 125 |
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| The Answer to Prayer (37:21, 36-38) | 125 |
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| Hezekiah's Illness (38) | 126 |
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| God's Word and Human Response (38:1) | 127 |
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| Hezekiah's Weeping (38:2-3) | 127 |
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| Turning His Face to the Wall (38:2) | 128 |
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| Hezekiah's Petition (38:2-3) | 128 |
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| God's Immediate Answer (38:4-6) | 130 |
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| Did Hezekiah Ask Wrongly? | 131 |
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| Why Did God Grant Hezekiah's Prayer? | 131 |
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| The Prayer of a Righteous Man or Woman | 132 |
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| Hezekiah's Foolishness with the Babylonian Envoys (39) | 133 |
| 7. Jerusalem's Warfare Is Over (Isaiah 40-48) | 136 | ||
| Part 7A (Isaiah 40-42) | 136 | |
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| A Message of Comfort for God's People (40:1-2) | 138 |
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| Good Tidings to Jerusalem of Yahweh's Coming (40:3-11) | 139 |
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| The Almighty God (40:10-31) | 140 |
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| The Servant of Yahweh – The Servant Songs | 142 |
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| Strengthening Israel, the Servant of Yahweh (41) | 142 |
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| Servants of Yahweh – the Messiah and His People (42) | 143 |
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| Israel's Mission – a Light to the Nations (42:5-7) | 144 |
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| Yahweh Is His Name (42:8-13) | 145 |
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| Yahweh's Care for His Blind and Deaf Servant Israel (42:14-25) | 146 |
| Part 7B (Isaiah 43-48) | 147 | |
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| Yahweh, the Redeemer of His People (43) | 147 |
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| Israel Will Be Restored (44:1-5) | 149 |
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| The One True God in Contrast to the Foolishness of Idolatry (44:6-20) | 150 |
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| Yahweh Will Redeem Israel through a Future King Cyrus (44:21-45:4) | 150 |
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| Yahweh's Uniqueness (45:5-7) | 152 |
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| The Clay Quarreling with the Potter (45:8-12) | 153 |
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| Commanding God (45:11) | 153 |
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| A Prophecy Concerning Cyrus (45:13) | 154 |
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| A God Who Hides Himself (45:15-19) | 154 |
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| An Open Invitation (45:20-25) | 155 |
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| Yahweh, Israel's Sustainer (46) | 156 |
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| The Humiliation of Babylon (47) | 157 |
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| Leaving Babylon (48) | 157 |
| 8. Jerusalem's Iniquity Is Pardoned (Is 49-55, except 53) | 161 | ||
| Part 8A (Isaiah 49-52) | 161 | |
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| Israel Becomes an Agent in Yahweh's Universal Salvation (49:1-13) | 161 |
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| Universal Salvation (49:14-50:3) | 163 |
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| The Messiah's Steadfastness (50:4-9) | 165 |
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| The Joyous Return of the Exiles from Babylon to Jerusalem (51:1-52:12) | 167 |
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| The Suffering Servant (52:13-53:12) | 171 |
| Part 8B (Isaiah 54-55) | 171 | |
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| Barren, Forsaken Israel Is Called back Home (54) | 171 |
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| Invitation to Yahweh's Feast (55:1-5) | 174 |
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| An Invitation to Repent of Our Sins (55:6-8) | 176 |
| 9. The Suffering Servant (Isaiah 52:13-53:12) | 182 | ||
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| Universal Atonement | 182 |
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| Jesus Saw His Ministry as a Fulfillment of Isaiah 53 | 183 |
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| 1. The Servant Is a Substitute Who Bears Our Sin | 185 |
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| 2. The Servant Is a Substitute Who Bears Our Punishment | 187 |
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| 3. The Servant Acts Willingly | 189 |
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| 4. The Servant Acts as a Priest | 190 |
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| 5. The Servant Is Exalted by God | 191 |
| 10. Finding True Righteousness and Devotion (Is 56-59) | 194 | ||
| Part 10A (Isaiah 56-57) | 194 | |
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| Yahweh's International Invitation (56:1-8) | 194 |
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| Sabbath-Keeping | 196 |
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| Woe to Israel's Indolent Leaders (56:9-12) | 198 |
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| Woe to Israel's Idolaters (57:1-14) | 198 |
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| Healing for the Humble (57:15) | 199 |
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| Tenderness and Peace for Sinners (57:16-19) | 201 |
| Part 10B (Isaiah 58-59) | 202 | |
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| Religious Observance without Obedience (58:1-3) | 202 |
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| Justice for the Oppressed, Charity for the Poor (58:6-9a) | 203 |
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| Going Out of Our Way to Deliver the Oppressed (58:9b-10a) | 205 |
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| The Blessings Resulting from Compassionate Justice (58:10b-12) | 206 |
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| Sabbath-Keeping (58:13-14) | 207 |
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| Israel's Sin (chapter 59) | 208 |
| 11. The Glory of God's Reign (Isaiah 60-66) | 213 | ||
| Part 11A (Isaiah 60-64) | 213 | |
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| The Future Glory of Jerusalem (60) | 213 |
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| The Messiah Brings Comfort and Restoration to God's People (61) | 216 |
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| Promises to Restore Zion (62) | 221 |
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| Watchmen for God (62:6-9) | 222 |
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| Judgment and Rebellion (63) | 223 |
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| Praise and Prayer (63:7-64:12) | 224 |
| Part 11B (Isaiah 65-66) | 226 | |
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| Judgment for an Ungrateful People (65:1-16) | 226 |
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| God's New Society (65:17-66:24) | 227 |
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| Woe to the Orthodox Hypocrites (66:1-6) | 228 |
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| The Sudden Formation of the Kingdom of God (66:7-9) | 230 |
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| Rejoicing in Jerusalem (66:10-20) | 230 |
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| The Eternal Kingdom (66:22-24) | 232 |
| Appendix 1. Participant Handout Guides | 236 | ||
| Appendix 2. Names, Titles, and Analogies of God in Isaiah | 237 | ||
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| Names of the Messiah in Isaiah | 238 |
| Appendix 3. Messianic Prophecies in Isaiah | 239 | ||
| Appendix 4. Timeline Related to Isaiah's Prophecies | 241 | ||
| Appendix 5. New Testament Quotations from Isaiah | 243 | ||